Base64 encoding and AJAX can be used to send binary data, like images, to the server in a text format. This is particularly useful when you want to upload images or any other binary files to the server without reloading the page. The image (or any other binary file) is first converted into a Base64 encoded string and then sent to the server using AJAX. This allows for a smooth user experience as the page doesn’t need to be reloaded.